Biological Therapy - Cancer

Biological therapy is a type of treatment that works with your immune system. It can help fight cancer or help control side effects (how your body reacts to the drugs you are taking) from other cancer treatments like chemotherapy.

What is the difference between biological therapy and chemotherapy?

Biological therapy and chemotherapy are both treatments that fight cancer. While they may seem alike, they work in different ways. Biological therapy helps your immune system fight cancer. Chemotherapy attacks the cancer cells directly.

How does biological therapy fight cancer?

Doctors are not sure how biological therapy helps your immune system fight cancer. But they think it may:

• Stop or slow the growth of cancer cells.
• Make it easier for your immune system to destroy, or get rid of, cancer cells.
• Keep cancer from spreading to other parts of your body.

What is my immune system and how does it work?

Your immune system includes your spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, bone marrow and white blood cells. These all help protect you from getting infections and diseases.

When your immune system works the way it should it can tell the difference between "good" cells that keep you healthy and "bad" cells that make you sick. But sometimes this doesn't happen. Doctors are doing research to learn why some immune systems don't fight off diseases like cancer.

What are some questions to ask my doctor or nurse about biological therapy?

• Why do you recommend biological therapy for me?
  Your treatment choices depend on the type of cancer you have, how far your cancer has spread and the treatments you have already tried. For some people biological therapy is the best treatment choice.


• Will biological therapy be my only treatment?
  Some people only need biological therapy. Others also get chemotherapy and radiation treatment. Talk with your doctor about the kind of treatment you will be on and how it can help.


• Where do I go to get my treatment?
  Some biological therapies are pills or shots that you can take at home. Others are given through an IV and you must go to the hospital or clinic to get them. If this is the case find out how long you will need to stay at the hospital or clinic.


• How often will I get my treatment?
  Treatment schedules vary. Biological therapy may be given once a day or a couple of times a day. Others are given less often--sometimes once a week or perhaps just once every month or two. Your doctor will tell you how often you will get your treatment and how long you will need to be on it.


• How much will my treatment cost?
  Talk with your nurse, social worker or doctor about the cost of your treatment. Make sure to ask if your insurance company pays for biological therapy.


• What side effects can I expect?
  Just like other forms of cancer treatment, biological therapy sometimes causes side effects. Side effects can include:

• Rashes or swelling where the treatment is injected.
• Flu-like symptoms such as fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, fatigue, bone pain and muscle aches.
• Lowered blood pressure (blood pressure goes down).

TBS Editor Notes: My brother is currently doing Biological Therapy for skin cancer. The first 6 weeks were brutal. He seems to be doing better now, however ‘better' is relative to how horrible he was feeling. All food tastes like metal. He has no appetite. He has a fairly constant ‘grapefruit size' headache. He is exhausted. This is better. And he is on the treatment for a full year.

What are the names of some biological therapy?

There are many kinds of biological therapy. Here are the names of some common ones with ways to say them and brief statements about how they are used in cancer care:

Treatments for cancer:

• BCG or Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (ba-SIL-us KAL-met gay-RAIN) treats bladder tumors or bladder cancer.
• IL-2 or Interleukin-2 (in-ter-LOO-kin 2) treats certain types of cancer.
• Interferon alpha (in-ter-FEER-on AL-fa) treats certain types of cancer.
• Rituxan or Rituximab (ri-TUX-i-mab) treats non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Herceptin (her-SEP-tin) or Trastuzumab treats breast cancer.

Source: National Cancer Institute